Religion and Medicine Interplay in Eastern Orthodoxy: A Healthcare Practice-Oriented Scoping Review

A growing body of evidence has shown the influence that religion and spirituality have on individuals duelling with illness, especially at advanced stages of disease. It is often vital for such individuals to have their spiritual and religious beliefs respected and, potentially, integrated in a compassionate caregiving setting for healthcare systems. However, given the diversity in religions and spiritual practices, healthcare professionals ought to approach such cultural significance with cultural humility, i.e., approaching differences in beliefs without relying on stereotypes or assumptions. This process requires sufficient training and communication skills among healthcare providers, as well as a successful medico-pastoral partnership. The aim of this review is to provide insight into one specific religion, Eastern Orthodoxy, and discuss current evidence of the religion’s influence on healthcare and medicine. Within this review, we aim to provide a summary on religion and spirituality specific to the Eastern Orthodox identity and religious practices, along with providing clinical guidance on approaching people who identify with this faith in certain healthcare settings in a manner compatible with the principles of cultural humility. The review will discuss important key elements of religious belief and practice of Εastern Orthodoxy that may influence health and healthcare decisions by patients.