Molecular species identification from seized dried genital organs: a case study of suspected Bengal monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis)

The bifurcated hemipenes of any of the four species of Monitor lizards found in India is illegally traded under the name ‘Hatha Jodi’ (a plant root from Martynia annua). A rare plant root is misrepresented as a powerful charm capable of bringing property and good fortune to its possessor. As a result, there is a suspected large-scale poaching of monitors in India to fuel the trade of ‘Hatha Jodi’. With this regard, here we report a case where the Tamil Nadu Forest Department officers seized dried genital organs. We extracted DNA from the seized dried genital organs and amplified a partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene (cytb). Then, generated DNA sequences were analyzed and confirmed that the dried genital organs were consistent with the Bengal monitor lizard with 99% similarity. In forensic case analysis, dried and processed samples are not preferred for DNA-based analysis. This is due to the low yield of DNA and increased PCR inhibitors, which lead to low success in such experiments. However, the present study demonstrated species identification through DNA analysis from seized dried genital organs and supported law enforcement in successfully prosecuting the case.