HISTORY AND CURRENT PROBLEMS OF THE CONCEPT OF OVERCOMING HUMAN IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF HUMANISM AND TRANSHUMANISM

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the determinacy of the ideology of transhumanism by the ideas of atheistic humanism and the anthropological problems arising from this determinacy. The methodology of the research is based on a historical analysis of the evolution of the concepts of “self-creation” and “transcendence” as applied to human nature. The historical development of these concepts in Western European philosophy (G. Pico della Mirandola, P.-H. Holbach, F. Nietzsche) and their reflection in contemporary philosophy (M. More, N. Bostrom) are examined. Special attention is given to the critique of the “post-human” concept from the standpoint of anthropoconservatism (V. A. Kutyrev). Results of the study. The value-semantic concept of man within the framework of atheistic humanism logically moves to the ideology of transhumanism and the overcoming of man in his natural form. The implementation of the transhumanist project in its instrumental application is anti-human in nature. Theistic humanism is proposed as an alternative humanistic paradigm. Research рerspectives. The issue of transcending human nature is directly related to the future of socio-cultural evolution. In this sense, the Western ideal of humanity is not universal and, in some respects, may be highly undesirable for implementation in societies that aim to preserve their value-cultural identity and independence.