Prospects of using the optical measurement channel as a part of the complex system of remote sensing of the atmosphere

The article considers the prospects of introducing an optical measurement channel into the composition of a complex radiophysical system of remote sensing of the atmosphere. Lidar systems of atmospheric monitoring for distribution of aerosol and chemical composition of air, as well as wind speed and direction are the most widespread. The study of aerosol and gas composition of air is especially important in the tasks of environmental monitoring of areas associated with hazardous industries and global transport of pollutants, including greenhouse gases. Molecular (gas) atmosphere at laser sounding is manifested in absorption, in the phenomena of molecular (Rayleigh), Raman, resonance scattering and fluorescence. These phenomena differ in their intensity or interaction cross sections and, consequently, in the possibilities for reliable registration of signals. Atmospheric parameters such as wind speed and direction, visibility, density and height of cloud layers change both temporally and spatially, which can lead to the formation of dangerous meteorological phenomena. Atmospheric aerosol plays an important role in climate change, so monitoring its composition and dynamics is essential for assessing climate change on a global scale.