IoT-based smart irrigation management system to enhance agricultural water security using embedded systems, telemetry data, and cloud computing

Agriculture, the key sector for food production, faces challenges exacerbated by the growing global demand for food and the scarcity of water resources. Traditional irrigation methods often lead to inefficient use of water, resulting in wastage. Moreover, unpredictable weather conditions and the need to adopt sustainable farming practices are driving us to develop advanced irrigation systems. This paper proposed a smart irrigation management system using new technology like 1) embedded systems, 2) Internet of Things (IoT), 3) telemetry data, 4) cloud computing, communication protocol, and 5) sensors to collect and process real-time data of the smart agriculture. This new technology and intelligent algorithm are used in this paper to improve agricultural practices. The architecture of the proposed scheme comprises three layers: 1) IoT devices, 2) ThingsBoard cloud, and 3) the dashboard, each playing a pivotal role in ensuring seamless data flow, secure communication, and enhanced user interaction. The algorithm orchestrates system operations, incorporating sensor data reading, JavaScript Object Syntax (JSON) payload creation, and secure telemetry data transmission via Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) protocol to the ThingsBoard cloud. Pump activation decisions are governed by predefined thresholds, preventing an over-irrigation system. The evaluation of system performance involves deploying temperature, humidity, moisture, and water level sensors in a testing field. Further, before data is sent to the cloud, sensor values are calibrated using a functional map. Tests carried out with temperature, humidity, and water level sensors demonstrate the system's dynamic efficiency. By visualizing and analyzing environmental information via ThingsBoard, the results provide real-time data on environmental parameters of the system proposed, improving the efficiency of water use and the sustainability of farming practices. In addition, the system features e-mail notifications for alerts. The integration of e-mail notifications reinforces monitoring and management practices by alerting farm owners and users. This study showcases the efficacy of the proposed paper in enhancing sustainability, water usage, and supporting smart agriculture practices. Further, this paper integrates embedded systems, IoT, cloud computing, and advanced algorithms to optimize and enhance crop productivity and contribute to global food and water security. • An intelligent irrigation management system using new technology. • Three-tier architecture comprising 1) IoT devices, 2) ThingsBoard cloud, and 3) dashboard. • Transmission of telemetry data via HTTP protocol to ThingsBoard. • Visualize and analyze the data in real-time on ThingsBoard. • Email notifications to alert farm owners for improved food safety.