Future policies for managing ship traffic and safety in the access channel of a new nation’s capital: A case study of Indonesia

Indonesia has a new capital, officially known as Nusantara (IKN). The nearest access to and from IKN is through Balikpapan Bay, a confined waterway that may eventually result in traffic congestion and interfere with shipping operations. This research aims to investigate ship traffic and safety governance policies, as few researchers have previously studied this issue in the IKN waters. We collected the empirical data in four steps. Firstly, we conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions attended by related stakeholders, such as the Harbormaster and Port Authority, the Indonesian Maritime Court, the Navigation District Officers, SOE Port Managers, Local Government, and Shipping Companies Association. Next, we distributed questionnaires to shipping operators. Furthermore, using triangulation techniques, this research suggests the need to harmonize regulations implemented by related agencies involved in shipping activities. The last step was determining ship routes to ensure maritime safety and ship traffic efficiency. The proposed harmonization would provide port and shipping operators with business certainty in accordance with applicable laws. The research also recommended sharing authority between the IKN Authority Agency, which is responsible for the exploitation of water areas, and the Transportation Ministry, which regulates maritime traffic and safety.