Exploring The Mechanistic Links Between Thyroid Dysfunction And Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights From Biochemical And Clinical Correlations

Thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, has significant implications for cardiovascular health, especially in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). This cross-sectional observational study, conducted over 24 months at Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, involved 200 ACS patients. The study aimed to explore the impact of thyroid function, assessed through Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Triiodothyronine (FT3), and Free Thyroxine (FT4) levels, on ACS outcomes. Key findings revealed that 26% of ACS patients exhibited elevated TSH levels, indicative of hypothyroidism, while 14% had reduced FT3 levels. Hypothyroidism was associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including prolonged hospital stays and increased in-hospital mortality. Additionally, hypothyroid patients presented with higher levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol, contributing to the exacerbation of dyslipidemia and ACS severity. The study emphasizes the importance of routine thyroid function testing in ACS patients as a critical component of cardiovascular risk assessment and management. The findings suggest that thyroid dysfunction, particularly elevated TSH levels, serves as an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in ACS, warranting consideration in the clinical evaluation and treatment strategies for these patients.