Is the Current Systematic Subdivision of the Subfamily Neanurinae (Collembola, Neanuridae) Still Valid? Testing the Monophyly and Phylogenetic Relationships of Currently Established Tribes of the Neanurinae

The subfamily Neanurinae is the largest in the family, with almost 800 described species. These springtails differ significantly from all other Collembola in their morphology, behaviour, and natural habitats. A systematic division of the Neanurinae into tribes was proposed more than 30 years ago by Cassagnau (1989), but it has not yet been tested using cladistic methods. Recent studies, both phylogenetic analyses of individual tribes or genera and descriptions of new taxa, suggest that the currently recognised tribes may not be monophyletic. The phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of the Neanurinae were explored by analysing a dataset of 101 discrete morphological characters. Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses yielded similar tree topologies. The relationships among the Neanurinae were not resolved in any of the analyses, except for the support for the monophyly of the tribe Lobellini. The results indicate that the taxonomic characters used in the classification of Neanurinae are shared among members of the different tribes, which may have resulted in a classification with little phylogenetic basis. The article discusses the phylogenetic significance of morphological characters, including those recognised as key to the evolution and history of Neanurinae.