New Roadmap toward Social Sustainability, from Physical Structures to Perceived Spaces

This article explores the intricate relationship between urban density and social sustainability by examining the impacts of both physical and perceived density on key social sustainability criteria. Physical density is defined by measurable attributes such as building height, spacing, and population. Perceived density, on the other hand, is shaped by residents’ subjective experiences influenced by visual, functional, social, and spatial factors. This study analyzes data from the literature using the thematic analysis method. It reveals that social sustainability can be negatively affected by increased density, depending on how residents perceive high density. Key factors such as building design, green spaces, availability of amenities, and street layout are crucial in shaping residents’ perceptions of density. These perceptions, in turn, affect inclusivity, community engagement, quality of life, cultural diversity, and social cohesion within urban areas. The research highlights the importance of integrating green spaces, public areas, and community amenities to mitigate negative perceptions of density and enhance overall quality of life. The findings suggest that achieving social sustainability requires a nuanced understanding of both physical and perceived density. This paper provides a comprehensive framework for understanding these complex relationships and offers valuable insights for creating socially sustainable urban environments.