Solar‐to‐NIR Light Activable PHBV/ICG Nanofiber‐Based Face Masks with On‐Demand Combined Photothermal and Photodynamic Antibacterial Properties

Abstract Hierarchical nanostructures fabricate by electrospinning in combination with light‐responsive agents offer promising scenarios for developing novel activable antibacterial interfaces. This study introduces an innovative antibacterial face mask developed from poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐ co ‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers integrated with indocyanine green (ICG), targeting the urgent need for effective antimicrobial protection for community health workers. The research focuses on fabricating and characterizing this nanofibrous material, evaluating the mask's mechanical and chemical properties, investigating its particle filtration, and assessing antibacterial efficacy under photothermal conditions for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The PHBV/ICG nanofibers are produced using an electrospinning process, and the nanofibrous construct's morphology, structure, and photothermal response are investigated. The antibacterial efficacy of the nanofibers is tested, and substantial bacterial inactivation under both near‐infrared (NIR) and solar irradiation is demonstrated due to the photothermal response of the nanofibers. The material's photothermal response is further analyzed under cyclic irradiation to simulate real‐world conditions, confirming its durability and consistency. This study highlights the synergistic impact of PHBV and ICG in enhancing antibacterial activity, presenting a biocompatible and environmentally friendly solution. These findings offer a promising path for developing innovative face masks that contribute significantly to the field of antibacterial materials and solve critical public health challenges.