Chemicals from Brominated Flame Retardants: Analytical Methods, Occurrence, Transport and Risks

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are synthetic chemicals widely used to reduce the flammability of consumer products, including electronics, textiles, and furniture. Despite their effectiveness in fire prevention, BFRs pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive examination of BFRs, focusing on recent advancements in analytical methods for their detection and quantification in environmental and biological samples. The study explored the physicochemical properties that influence BFR distribution and transport in various matrices, including soil, water, air, sediments, and biota. The review also summarizes current knowledge on the occurrence and environmental fate of BFRs, highlighting their mobility and long-range transport. Furthermore, the study discusses the health risks associated with BFR exposure, emphasizing their endocrine-disrupting effects and impact on reproductive and neurological functions. By integrating findings from recent studies, this review aims to enhance the understanding of BFR behavior and inform regulatory strategies to mitigate their adverse effects on human health and the environment.