The Cytotoxic Activity and Metabolic Profiling of Hyptis rhomboidea Mart. et Gal

Many naturally occurring chemical metabolites with significant cytotoxic activities have been isolated from medicinal plants and have become the leading hotspot of anti-cancer research in recent years. <i>Hyptis rhomboidea</i> Mart. et Gal is used as a folk medicine in South China to treat or assist in the treatment of liver disease, ulcers, and edema. But its chemical constituents have not been fully investigated yet. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of <i>H. rhomboidea</i>, which was chemically characterized by chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. The results showed that the 95% ethanol extract of <i>H. rhomboidea</i> has marked inhibitory effects on five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231, and SW480), with IC₅₀ values ranging from 15.8 to 40.0 μg/mL. A total of 64 compounds were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) and gas chromatograph-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of <i>H. rhomboidea</i> crude extract. Among them, kaempferol, quercetin, rosmarinic acid, squalene, and campesterol were found to be abundant and might be the major metabolites involved to its bioactivity. The cytotoxic characterization and metabolite profiling of <i>H. rhomboidea</i> displayed in this research provides scientific evidence to support its use as medicinal properties.