Assessment of the influence of means and methods for calculating the equatorial and horizontal coordinates of the luminaries on the accuracy of astronomical observation

The objective possibility of difficulties in the use of global satellite navigation systems is considered and their negative impact on navigation safety is investigated. An objective increase in the place and role of nautical astronomy in ensuring the navigational safety of navigation in modern conditions is justified. The factors influencing the accuracy of astronomical observations are considered, and an a priori assessment of their accuracy is made, including the currently existing means and methods for calculating the coordinates of the luminaries. The influence of the accuracy of calculating the coordinates of the luminaries on the accuracy of astronomical observations in general is estimated. It is shown that the means and methods of nautical astronomy currently available on ships of the fleet do not allow fulfilling the requirements of IMO Resolution A.1046 to ensure the necessary accuracy of navigation. The need for legislative consolidation of requirements for the accuracy of navigation in the absence of signals from global satellite navigation systems is indicated. It is proposed to use IMO Resolution A.529. The possibility and urgent need for the development and introduction into navigation practice of automated astrogation systems based on new principles of measurement and processing of astrogation parameters are outlined, which will dramatically increase both the accuracy of astronomical observations and the probability of their implementation. It is proposed to use the experience gained in the Russian Navy in the creation and application of such systems. It is proved that the currently available software products for automated calculation of the coordinates of the luminaries can be used in the software of such systems.