Surgical approaches to periapical lesions: Trends and innovations

Periapical lesions, primarily resulting from endodontic infections, represent a significant clinical challenge in dental practice. Surgical intervention is often required when conventional root canal therapy fails to resolve these lesions. This review article examines the current trends and innovations in the surgical management of periapical lesions. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest techniques, including periapical curettage, root-end resection, and guided tissue regeneration. Advances in imaging modalities and surgical instruments are also discussed, highlighting their role in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Additionally, the review explores the integration of biomaterials and regenerative approaches aimed at promoting tissue healing and regeneration. By synthesizing contemporary research and clinical experiences, this article aims to offer dental professionals an updated perspective on optimizing surgical strategies for the effective management of periapical lesions.