The Latest Advances in the Use of Nanoparticles in Endodontics

Recent decades clearly demonstrate the growing use of nanomaterials in medical practice, and their effectiveness is systematically confirmed by the consequent scientific research. An example of the use of nanomaterials in dentistry is endodontic treatment, which, due to its specificity, is one of the most demanding procedures, fraught with numerous challenges, such as difficulties in reaching tooth roots and ineffective cleaning or insufficient sealing of root canals, which may lead to re-infection or damage to adjacent structures. The use of nanomaterials has a positive impact on solving these problems, and the combination of biomaterials with nanometric technology makes endodontic treatment more effective, precise and comfortable for patients, which contributes to improving the quality of dental care. Currently, nanomaterials with a high biocompatibility can be used in endodontics as components of irrigation solutions, for rinsing root canals and as drug carriers for intracanal use. Nanomaterials are also components of sealants filling root canals. However, the latest research shows that reducing the size of materials to the “nano” scale significantly affects their basic physicochemical properties, which leads to increased reactivity and the ability to interact at the molecular level. These unique physicochemical properties, which have contributed to the use of nanomaterials in numerous medical-related solutions, raise concerns and provoke discussions about the safety of their use in direct contact with tissues.