Synthesis and Characterization of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@APIDSO₃H as a Novel and Efficient Magnetic Nanocatalyst in Pechmann Condensation

ABSTRACT Fe 3 O 4 @APIDSO 3 H as a novel and magical magnetic nanocatalyst was designed, synthesized, and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive x‐ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The loading percentage of sulfonic acid on the magnetic nano catalyst was calculated using CHNS analysis. Then, the potential use of it was investigated for the synthesis of various coumarins by Pechmann condensation. The corresponding products were synthesized and isolated in 60%–99% yields. The catalyst was recycled and reused for four times without loss in catalytic activity.