Photoactivation of nano <scp>MgO</scp> anchored g‐<scp>C₃N₄</scp> enhances biodiesel production in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>: A sustainable approach

Abstract Investigating the potential of magnesium oxide (MgO), graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4 ), and their composite nanoparticles as nutrient sources for enhanced microalgae biodiesel production formed the core of this study. Supplementing the growth medium with g‐C 3 N 4 and MgO/g‐C 3 N 4 nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae ( Chlorella sorokiniana ) growth and lipid accumulation, culminating in a 58 mg/L lipid concentration. Interestingly, while MgO nanoparticles alone led to the highest biodiesel yield, the synergistic effect of MgO and g‐C 3 N 4 in the composite nanoparticles improved nutrient availability and facilitated optimal microalgae growth and lipid accumulation. These findings pave the way for further research and development of nanoparticle‐based strategies to optimize microalgae‐based biodiesel production, offering a promising avenue for a more sustainable and efficient future of biofuel generation. The results showed that the addition of 15 mg/L of MgO NPs produced the maximum biodiesel yield which reached 61.5 mg/L.