Elemental impurities (heavy metals) in kratom products: an assessment of published individual product analyses
Some kratom products contain excessive concentrations of elemental impurities of toxicological concern, such as lead and arsenic. Non-extract products (powders, capsules, tablets) generally contain greater concentrations of elemental impurities than extract products or the soda preparation. Daily use of these products can result in exposures exceeding regulatory thresholds and adverse health effects.
Authors
- Charles Michael White (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9367-4893)
- Kimberly Snow Caroti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-7054)
- Amy Sapowadia
- Alen Joseph
Institutions
- Hartford Hospital (US)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (US)
- Hartford Financial Services (United States)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Clinical Toxicology
- Published
- 2024-09-05
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2024.2395552
- Citations
- 6
- Primary Topic
- Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.80