Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Advanced Heart Failure Patients—Preliminary Report

In end-stage heart failure, which is characterized by persistent or progressive ventricular dysfunction despite optimal medical therapy, a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) can be beneficial. Congestive heart failure provokes inflammatory and prothrombotic activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentration of citrullinated histone 3 (CH3) representing neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in patients referred for LVAD implantation. There were 10 patients with a median age of 61 (57-65) years enrolled in a prospective single-center analysis who underwent LVAD implantation. The CH3 plasma concentration was measured preoperatively and on the 1st and 7th postoperative days, followed by control measurements on the median (Q1-3) 88th (49-143) day. The preoperative CH3 concentration strongly correlated with brain natriuretic peptide (r = 0.879, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Significant differences in CH3 serum concentration were observed between pre- and postoperative measurements, including an increase on the first postoperative day (<i>p</i> < 0.001), as well as a decrease on the seventh day (<i>p</i> = 0.016) and in follow-up (<i>p</i> < 0.001). CH3 concentration, as a marker of NET formation, decreases after LVAD implantation.