Polymer-Based Nanocomposites with One-Dimensional Nanofillers for Dielectric Energy Storage at High Temperatures

The rapid advancement of power electronics systems necessitates significant enhancements in the capabilities of dielectric energy storage. Polymer-based nanocomposites have emerged as a focal point in this pursuit due to their notable advantages, including high energy storage density, ultrafast charge–discharge rates, and extended service life. Polymer-based dielectrics exhibit commendable energy storage performance at room temperature, however, their efficiencies tend to degrade under high temperatures (HT), particularly exceeding 100 °C. Consequently, researchers are urgently required to develop dielectric materials that demonstrate resistance to HT while offering superior energy storage performance, cost-effectiveness, and minimal volume for the application in integrated circuit systems. Amplifying energy storage properties of polymer-based dielectric capacitors under HT conditions typically requires these properties, such as a relatively large dielectric constant, high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, and thermal stability. In recent years, researchers have made significant progress in enhancing the dielectric energy storage performance of polymer nanocomposites under HT conditions by incorporating one-dimensional (1D) nanofillers into polymers and exploring various structural configurations. The exceptional properties and thermal stabilities exhibited by nanofiber composites underscore their substantial potential in HT electrical energy storage capacitors. This review comprehensively examines the utilization of 1D nanomaterials in polymer nanocomposites under HT conditions while summarizing recent advancements and prospects for future applications in dielectric energy storage.