Assessing Physical Characteristics for Precision Harvester Design: A Comparative Study of Spinach, Fenugreek, and Coriander Leafy Vegetables

Aim: This study aims to assess the physical characteristics of spinach, fenugreek, and coriander, focusing on parameters essential for the design of a precision harvester. Given the labor-intensive and costly nature of manual harvesting, this research addresses the need for mechanization in leafy vegetable farming. Methodology: The physical characteristics analyzed include plant dimensions such as height, leaf width and length, stem and petiole diameter, leaf height from the ground, plant weight, and leaf-petiole/branch ratio. Additionally, crop geometry was examined, considering plant spacing, row spacing, the number of petioles per plant, and crop density. Measurements were collected from 30 samples of each crop, with data analysis focusing on mean values, standard deviations, and other statistical parameters Results: The study found significant variability in the physical characteristics of the three crops. Spinach exhibited the tallest crop height (42.8± 9 cm) and largest leaf dimensions (7.3±2 mm), whereas fenugreek and coriander had smaller leaves and shorter crop heights. Spinach also had the highest bulk density (103.9±7.3 kg/m3) and leaf-stalk ratio (1.08±0.11), which are crucial for the design of storage and cutting mechanisms. In contrast, coriander had the highest crop density, impacting the design of the cutter and conveyor systems. Conclusion: The differences in physical characteristics among spinach, fenugreek, and coriander necessitate tailored design considerations for precision harvesters. Spinach's larger size and higher density require more robust harvesting mechanisms, while the smaller and denser crops like fenugreek and coriander demand precision in cutter bar and conveyor designs. These findings will guide the development of efficient, crop-specific precision harvesters.