Optimising Flywheel Energy Storage Systems: The Critical Role of Taylor–Couette Flow in Reducing Windage Losses and Enhancing Heat Transfer

Amidst the growing demand for efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions, Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESSs) have garnered attention for their potential to meet modern energy needs. This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to investigate and optimise the aerodynamic performance of FESSs. Key parameters such as radius ratio, aspect ratio, and rotational velocity were analysed to understand their impact on windage losses and heat transfer. This study reveals the critical role of Taylor–Couette flow on the aerodynamic performance of FESSs. The formation of Taylor vortices within the airgap was examined, demonstrating their effect on temperature distribution and overall system performance. Through a detailed examination of the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number under different conditions, this study identified a nonlinear relationship between rotor temperature and rotational speed, highlighting the accelerated temperature rise at higher speeds. The findings indicate that optimising these parameters can significantly enhance the efficiency of FESSs, reducing windage losses and improving heat transfer. This research provides valuable insights into the aerodynamic and thermal optimisation of FESSs, offering pathways to improve their design and performance. The results contribute to advancing guidelines for the effective implementation of FESSs in the energy sector, promoting more sustainable energy storage solutions.