Second-order adiabatic expansion of heat and charge currents within the nonequilibrium Green's function approach

Nanoscale heat management and energy conversion require precise control of energy flow. Adiabatic expansions are key tools for studying time-dependent devices such as quantum motors and pumps, but their complexity has limited research to first-order approximations. This work develops a novel theoretical framework to calculate second-order energy, heat, and charge currents, enabling a deeper understanding of quantum thermodynamics and the study of unexplored phenomena, such as second-order monoparametric pumping.