Antioxidant, Apoptotic, and Wound Healing Effects of <i>Xantolis Cambodiana</i> Extracts in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Xantolis cambodiana has demonstrated significant antioxidant properties; however, the mechanisms underlying its protective effects against oxidative stress in cellular systems remain unexplored. This work investigated the efficacy of methanolic extracts in exhibiting oxidative damage and examined their mechanisms. The methanolic extract had a high phenolic content (116.89±29.01 mg GAE/g FW) and exhibited scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals with an IC₅₀ value of 42.35±9.20 μg/ml. In addition, it had the highest antioxidant activity based on ferric-reducing antioxidant power (467.45±50.74 mg AA/100 g). Normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were pretreated with the methanolic extract in a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂; 500 mM)-induced oxidative stress model, which resulted in a significant decrease in apoptosis and autophagy. Not only did the methanolic extract reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, it also stimulated NHDF cell migration and reduced reactive oxygen species production through mitochondrial dysfunction in the H₂O₂-induced stress model. These findings suggested that the methanolic extract (25 μg/ml) attenuated H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in NHDF cells, significantly reducing apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, this extract has the potential to support the wound healing process due to its antioxidant activity.