Abstract A066 Acquired resistance to temozolomide in the Th-<i>MYCN</i> mouse as a clinically-relevant platform to evaluate novel therapeutic strategies against high-risk neuroblastoma

Abstract Advances in preclinical models that recapitulate chemorefractory and relapsed disease are needed to better predict the efficacy of an expanding and promising armamentarium of drug candidates being tested in early-phase pediatric clinical trials. Here, we used longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging to design an individualized, dose-escalating treatment regimen that induces evolution of neuroblastoma in the Th-MYCN genetically-engineered mouse model, concomitant with the acquisition of resistance to temozolomide, a standard chemotherapy used in treatment of refractory, relapsed neuroblastoma patients within European early-phase clinical trials. MRI longitudinally identified the development of intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Molecular profiling of expanding, treatment-refractory regions identified prominent up-regulation of the nor-adrenergic core regulatory signature and deregulation of the CDK2 pathway. Treatment with a CDK2/9 inhibitor led to significant response and an overall survival benefit in temozolomide-resistant Th-MYCN tumors and allografts generated from these resistant tumours. These findings demonstrate the utility of genetically-engineered mouse models as platforms to dissect the evolution of chemoresistance in neuroblastoma and they provide a mechanistic rationale to support the evaluation of CDK2/9 in ongoing paediatric phase I studies of chemotherapy combined with temozolomide in relapsed, treatment refractory neuroblastoma patients. Citation Format: Evon Poon, Tong Liang, Giuseppe Barone, Barbara M. Costa, Sara Heuss, Simon P. Robinson, Charles Lin, Paul Workman, Yann Jamin, Louis Chesler. Acquired resistance to temozolomide in the Th-MYCN mouse as a clinically-relevant platform to evaluate novel therapeutic strategies against high-risk neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2024 Sep 5-8; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(17 Suppl):Abstract nr A066.