Digital Twin-Empowered Autonomous Driving for E-mobility: Concept, framework, and modeling

As a disruptive technology in the power and transport sectors, electric mobility (e-mobility) is receiving increasing attention. E-mobility encompasses the electrification of transportation by means of diversified electric vehicles (EVs) instead of fuel-based vehicles (FVs), which promotes low carbon and sustainable energy development. To date, e-mobility has not only affected peoples’ daily transportation and the electricity consumption patterns of drivers but has also affected the operation of energy systems. However, several aspects dramatically increase the analytic difficulty of e-mobility. These include the electrification of driving systems, stochasticity of environments, mobility of infrastructures, and interaction of the power and transportation systems. Hence, several fundamental issues in e-mobility must be addressed to promote its development, including solutions to the autonomous driving problem. Within e-mobility, autonomous driving involves electrification and mobility attributes and calls for problem formulations and solutions.