Neuronal Communication Systems

The ability to harness the properties of neurons for peer-to-peer communications remains one of the most exciting and challenging areas of research in nano-communications and neuroscience. Neuronal communication systems hold immense potential for revolutionizing the landscape of neurotechnology. By harnessing the intricate electrical activities of neurons, researchers are on the verge of engineering cutting-edge Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) and neuro-prosthetic devices that promise more natural and efficient interactions with the human brain. Recent advancements have unveiled innovative solutions, including the cultivation of cultured in vitro neuronal networks and the development of mathematical models leveraging neuron electrical activities for in vivo brain communication. This paper provides a comprehensive review, bridging existing research on neuronal communication systems with the dynamic fields of BMI technology and neuro-prosthetic research. It also sheds light on diverse stimulation methods available to BMIs, encompassing electrical, chemical, and optogenetic approaches. It also discusses future challenges that need to be addressed in order to improve the design of BMIs and neuro-prosthetic devices, which can revolutionize the treatment of many neurological diseases and brain injuries.