Cavity Floquet engineering
Floquet engineering is a promising tool to manipulate quantum systems coherently. A well-known example is the optical Stark effect, which has been used for optical trapping of atoms and breaking time-reversal symmetry in solids. However, as a coherent nonlinear optical effect, Floquet engineering typically requires high field intensities obtained in ultrafast pulses, severely limiting its use. Here, we demonstrate using cavity engineering of the vacuum modes to achieve orders-of-magnitude enhancement of the effective Floquet field, enabling Floquet effects at an extremely low fluence of 450 photons/μm<sup>2</sup>. At higher fluences, the cavity-enhanced Floquet effects lead to 50 meV spin and valley splitting of WSe<sub>2</sub> excitons, corresponding to an enormous time-reversal breaking, non-Maxwellian magnetic field of over 200 T. Utilizing such an optically controlled effective magnetic field, we demonstrate an ultrafast, picojoule chirality XOR gate. These results suggest that cavity-enhanced Floquet engineering may enable the creation of steady-state or quasi-equilibrium Floquet bands, strongly non-perturbative modifications of materials beyond the reach of other means, and application of Floquet engineering to a wide range of materials and applications.
Authors
- Yu-Hsun Chou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3183-1398)
- Nathanial Lydick (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5991-4240)
- Lu Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9690-3916)
- Xin Xie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2159-7996)
- Qiuyang Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-3960)
- Takashi Taniguchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105)
- Kenji Watanabe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119)
- Hui Deng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0629-3230)
- Stephen R. Forrest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-1903)
- Yuze Liu
- Lingxiao Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6048-9788)
- Ruofan Hao
- Chenxi Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7049-4496)
- Bin Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-3644)
Institutions
- National Institute for Materials Science (JP)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Michigan Medicine (US)
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2024-09-05
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52014-0
- Citations
- 11
- Primary Topic
- Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 3.82
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- National Science and Technology Council
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Office of Naval Research
- Division of Materials Research
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Army Research Office