Investigating the Pattern and Determinants of Crop Diversification: Policy Recommendations for Sustainable Diversified Farming in Punjab, Pakistan

Crop diversification is a crucial approach for promoting sustainable agriculture by allowing farmers to optimize yields, reduce inputs, conserve resources, and mitigate ecological and environmental risks. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the pattern and determinants of crop diversification in Punjab Pakistan. This research was carried out in four districts of mixed cropping zone of Punjab i.e. Faisalabad, Chiniot, Toba Tek Singh, and Jhang. A multistage sampling method was used to collect data from 200 farmers. Inferential statistics techniques such as the Tobit model and Simpson Diversity Index were employed to analyze the study objectives. The mean diversification index across the districts was 0.73, 0.75, 0.69, and 0.66 for Faisalabad, Chiniot, Toba Tek Singh, and Jhang. The mean diversification index for all the diversified farmers was 0.71. Tobit model analysis revealed that the age of farmers, education attainment, access to inputs, extension services, irrigation, and membership of farmers' associations have a major impact on the promotion of diversification of crops in the study area. This study suggests that there is a dire need to educate farmers about the production technologies of emerging crops, proper markets for fruits and vegetables, and easy availability of cheap interest loans.