Cancer screening in people aged between 30-69 in a town: a cross-sectional study in Turkey

Aims: Breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening programs are available in Turkey. This study aimed to assess people's knowledge and behaviors regarding these cancer screening tests. Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study involved individuals aged between 30 and 69 living in Kastamonu, Turkey. A total of 201 participants were included. The study examined participants' sociodemographic characteristics, the presence of chronic diseases and cancer diagnoses, knowledge of cancer screening tests conducted in Turkey, their status regarding cancer screening, and the reasons for not undergoing such screenings. Results: Among the participants, 63.7% were women, and 29.4% had a family history of cancer. Additionally, 49.8% stated they had no information about cancer screening tests in Turkey. Of those informed about cancer screening tests in Turkey, 63.8% had undergone at least one cancer screening test. The two most common reasons for not having a cancer screening test were believing they were healthy (50.0%) and lacking information (32.1%). There were significant differences in the rates of cancer screening tests based on age (p<0.001), gender (p<0.001), employment status (p<0.001), educational level (p<0.001), and knowledge about screening (p=0.009). Conclusion: Lack of knowledge and beliefs about health were effective in not having a cancer screening test. Health education is necessary for individuals to obtain accurate information and gain awareness.