Tongue Lesions in Pakistani population, Subjective Awareness and Association   with Blood Groups

Objective: To determine the frequency of various tongue lesions diagnosed during dental examination in a Pakistani population and to assess their association with blood groups. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Outpatient Department, Dental College Hospital of Heavy Industries Taxila Educational City Institute of Medical Sciences and Dental OPD, Heavy Industries Taxila Hospital, Taxila Pakistan, from Oct 2022 to Sep 2023. Methodology: The study included five hundred patients. It excluded pregnant women and participants with a diagnosed malignant condition. Those who gave consent were examined for the absence or presence of tongue lesions like Aphthous ulcer, Fissured tongue, coated tongue, geographic tongue and median rhomboid glossitis on the basis history and clinical presentation. Results: The study included five hundred patients. It was discovered that 19(3.80%) of the participants had aphthous ulcers, 17(3.40%) of the participants had fissured tongues, 24(4.80%) had geographic tongue, 146(29.20%) had coated tongue, and 19(3.80) had median rhomboid glossitis. Aphthous ulcers were more common in the O+ blood group, the A+ blood group had more cases of Fissure tongue, the O+ blood group had more cases of Coated tongue, and the O- blood group had more cases of Geographic tongue. Conclusion: Different tongue lesions had varying frequency in our population, with coated tongue being the most prevalent. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of tongue lesions among various blood groups.