The Evolution of Street Children Phenomenon: Exploring Child Exploitation from Social, Cultural, and Economic Perspectives

Various government efforts to address the exploitation of street beggars have yet to be fully effective, especially in Medan City. This research aims to explore and understand how the practice of street begging exploitation and its social and economic impacts. The method used is qualitative research with a case study approach. The data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and focus group discussions involving the Medan City government, non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders, especially street child beggars. The results showed that the exploitation of street children in Medan City continues to increase, which reflects the problems of poverty and poor child protection. The characteristics of street child beggars in Medan are diverse, with different modes of begging. On the other hand, the Medan City Government has enacted Regional Regulation No. 6 Year 2003 to address this issue, but its implementation could have been more optimal. As the responsible party, the Social Affairs Office of Medan City has made various efforts, such as coaching and rehabilitation, but the number of street children is increasing. This research concludes that a more integrated approach and cooperation with related parties is needed to address the problem of street beggars' exploitation effectively.