Acacetin protects against acute lung injury by upregulating SIRT1/ NF-κB pathway

Acacetin is one of the natural flavone components found in many plants and possesses diverse pharmacological activities. The anti-inflammatory properties and definite mechanism of acacetin remains incompletely illuminated. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of acacetin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury <i>in vivo</i> and TNF-α-stimulated cellular injury <i>in vitro</i>. As indicated by survival experiments, acacetin reduced mortality and improved survival time of LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. 50 mg/kg of acacetin obtained higher survival (about 60 %), and 20 mg/kg of acacetin was about 46.7 %. In addition, 20 mg/kg of acacetin rescued lung histopathologic damage in LPS treated mice, lowered lung-to-body weight and lung wet-to-dry ratios, suppressed myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissue, the contents of protein, the numbers of total cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the contents of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-1β in BALF. Acacetin also increased the activity and expression of SIRT1, thereby suppressing acetylation-dependent activation NF-κB. Similarly, <i>in vitro</i>, acacetin increased cell viability, reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-1β, increased NAD⁺ levels as well as NAD/NADH ratio, and then up-regulated the activity and expression of SIRT1, and restrained acetylation-dependent activation NF-κB in TNF-α-stimulated A549 cells, which could be abolished by SIRT1 siRNA. Collectively, the current study showed that acacetin exerts a protective effiect on acute lung injury by improving the activity and expression SIRT1, thereby suppressing the acetylation-dependent activation of NF-κB-p65 and the release of downstream inflammatory cytokines.