The Roles of External Parties in the April 15 War and Their Interests in Sudan

The April 15 War is frequently portrayed as a power struggle between two generals, a simplistic narrative that overlooks not only internal factors but also external dynamics and the agendas of foreign nations in Sudan. Numerous countries have vested interests in this resource-rich nation, a pivotal gateway to Africa with a strategic position overlooking the Red Sea facilitating over 12% of global trade. However, what exacerbates the situation is the leadership weakness and intense political polarization since 2019, following the downfall of the Inqaz regime. Following the December Revolution, Sudan's leadership lacked a cohesive foreign relations strategy. The pillars of power, including the Sudanese army, the Rapid Support Forces, and the Forces of Freedom and Change, each pursued their own connections, attempting to court favor with the Western world after decades of strained relations with Sudan government. Consequently, Sudan neglected its longstanding strategic partnerships with Russia and China, traditionally leveraged by Islamists. Regionally, the conflict revealed biases among several regional actors, indicating the necessity for pre- war coordination and understandings among them. Neither sides of the war has openly received support from any foreign nation. However, statements from African leaders, investigative reports, and analyses suggest varying degrees of external support for the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces, both politically, and even militarily.