Performance Investigations on All-Solid-State Polymer-Ceramic Sodium-Ion Batteries through a Spatially Resolved Electrochemical Model

Rechargeable batteries are crucial in modern energy storage, with lithium-ion batteries dominating the market. However, the scarcity and environmental concerns associated with lithium have spurred interest in alternative battery chemistries, particularly sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which utilize abundant sodium resources. Despite extensive experimental research on all-solid-state SIBs (ASSSIBs), theoretical investigations have primarily focused on molecular-level analyses, overlooking the impact of cell composition on overall performance. This paper aims to address this gap by developing a physical model for simulating ASSSIBs at the particle scale. Our methodology involves integrating experimental data with simulation results to identify key factors influencing battery performance. The study reveals slow sodium ion transport as a significant bottleneck, attributed to factors such as low porosity of the half-cell and limited electrolyte ionic conductivity. Simulation outcomes emphasize the importance of advancing fast-ion-conducting solid electrolytes to enhance ASSSIB performance. Moreover, the results suggest that electrodes with high electrolyte active filler content and reduced thickness are necessary for achieving optimal battery capacity utilization. Overall, this research underscores the intricate relationship between electrode microstructure and battery performance, offering valuable insights for the design and optimization of sustainable sodium-ion battery systems suitable for stationary and mobile applications.