Physiological Concepts of Neuromodulation for Recovery

We review the physiological principles behind the role of various neuromodulation techniques for neurologic recovery. Since gaining popularity in the 1970s, neuromodulation techniques have been used as an intervention for various central nervous system injury models. This article explores the historical evolution of electrical neurostimulation, its key principles, and the physiological findings underlying its use in the context of functional recovery from neurologic injuries.