Evaluating the Forensic Inferences of Oral Nicotine Ingestion: Autopsy Case Review, Animal Experimentation, and Legal Implications

Nicotine, a highly lipophilic alkaloid derived from Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica, can be lethal even in small doses when ingested in concentrated forms like e-cigarette liquids. This study examined a murder case in South Korea where a 52-year-old man was allegedly killed by oral administration of nicotine. Despite the absence of typical signs, such as chemical burns or vomiting, the case posed questions about the lethal concentration of nicotine and the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in nicotine poisoning. Through literature review, autopsy analysis, and animal experiments, this study evaluated the forensic evidence presented in court. The results indicated that lethal nicotine levels could be lower than established previously, and death could occur without gastrointestinal injury or vomiting. Our findings supported the court's conviction decision, emphasizing the variability of symptoms in nicotine toxicity and the importance of scientific evidence in legal proceedings. The results of this study highlight the role of forensic medicine in clarifying scientific uncertainties in judicial contexts, particularly in cases involving toxic substances.