Financial literacy, social security, and healthcare cost anxiety in China

This study examines the impact of financial literacy and social security on healthcare cost anxiety in China using data from the 2021 Global Financial Inclusion database. Employing an ordered logit model and its marginal effects, we analyse how these factors influence varying levels of healthcare cost anxiety (worried, somewhat worried, and not worried at all) across total, female-headed and male-headed households. Financial literacy and social security both demonstrate significant negative effects on healthcare cost anxiety across all household types. It implied that individuals who save for old age and those with social security coverage are less likely to experience high levels of healthcare cost anxiety. The ordered logit results show consistent negative coefficients for financial literacy and social security across all household categories. Marginal effects analysis further illustrates how these factors affect the probability of falling into each category of healthcare cost anxiety. These findings underscore the importance of promoting financial literacy and expanding social security coverage as potential strategies to alleviate healthcare cost anxiety in China.