Case study: chemical contaimnent in parrots (Amazona SP - Lesson, 1830) from de Quinzinho de Barros Zoological Park, municipality of Sorocaba, São Paulo

The containment and anesthesia of wild animals is extremely important for veterinarians who intend to or already practice in this field. However, before administering anesthesia, it is essential to understand the pharmacology of anesthetics and the biological aspects related to the anatomical, physiological, and behavioral peculiarities of the species to be restrained. The aim of this research was to evaluate parameters such as heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), temperature (T°), muscle relaxation, reflexes (palpebral, ocular, and pedal), and respiratory pattern in four anesthetic protocols: ketamine 5% at a dose of 30mg/kg combined with xylazine 2%-2mg/kg; ketamine 5% at doses of 15mg/kg and 20mg/kg with diazepam 1% at a dose of 1mg/kg; diazepam 0.5% at a dose of 5mg/kg 15 minutes before isoflurane administration; and the use of isoflurane alone in parrots (Amazona sp) kept at the Quinzinho de Barros Municipal Park, Sorocaba, São Paulo. Eleven animals were used: three with the ketamine combined with xylazine protocol, three with ketamine plus diazepam, three with diazepam before isoflurane, and two with the isolated use of isoflurane. The results of this research showed that with the use of ketamine combined with xylazine at this dosage, only superficial sedation was achieved. With the supplementary dose of ketamine and xylazine, the animal reached a moderate anesthetic plane, but respiratory depression occurred. The use of diazepam combined with ketamine 5% at a dose of 15mg/kg is only recommended for minor procedures. Recovery was slightly less prolonged and with less cardiorespiratory depression compared to the use of ketamine combined with xylazine. Diazepam 0.5%-5mg/kg before isoflurane did not allow for the intubation of the animal; it served to reduce the stress of restraint, requiring a lower concentration of isoflurane for induction. Apnea was observed with the increase of isoflurane concentration, even with the use of diazepam before isoflurane. With the isolated use of isoflurane, the animal reached a moderate to deep anesthetic plane, which would allow for more invasive procedures.