Advanced Perturb and Observe Algorithm for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Photovoltaic Systems with Adaptive Step Size

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to optimize the power output from the solar panels. Among the various MPPT algorithms, the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is a popular choice due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, the basic P&O algorithm has some limitations such as oscillations and steady-state error under rapidly changing irradiance conditions. The enhanced algorithm includes a modified perturbation step and a dynamic step size adjustment scheme. This reduces the oscillations and improves the tracking accuracy. In the dynamic step size adjustment scheme, the step size is adjusted based on the rate of change of the PV output power. This improves the tracking performance under rapidly changing irradiance conditions. In order to prove the performance of the designed control algorithm, we will test it under simple climatic conditions of fixed temperature (30°C) and variable irradiation in the form of steps (500W/m² and 2000w/m²) and see the system response. The performance of the enhanced P&O algorithm has been evaluated using MATLAB simulations.