Investigating Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infections, Characteristics and Microbiology in Pediatric Patients with Hydrocephalus: A Single-Center Experience in Tehran, Iran

Background: This study investigates the epidemiology of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infections in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus, using data from 39 cases admitted to Loghman Hakim Hospital over a five-year period. Methods: This study was a case series involving a retrospective analysis of medical records, with a focus on demographic characteristics, etiological factors, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed to explore associations between VP shunt infections and various variables. Results: The study identified a significant association between VP shunt infections and the presence of fever (P < 0.05) as well as the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from the VP shunt (P < 0.01). This association may be explained by the release of cytokines during VP shunt infections, which can lead to the development of fever. Additionally, the stimulation of the immune system in response to the infection may cause an influx of WBCs into the CSF surrounding the VP shunt. Conclusions: This investigation offers valuable insights into the complex dynamics of VP shunt infections in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus. The observed associations between infection, fever, and WBC count enhance our understanding of the immunological responses triggered by VP shunt infections. These findings highlight the need for further research to elucidate these pathways, which could inform targeted interventions in the clinical management of VP shunt infections in pediatric populations.