Effectiveness of the Association of Fibrin Scaffolds, Nanohydroxyapatite, and Photobiomodulation with Simultaneous Low-Level Red and Infrared Lasers in Bone Repair

Biomaterials and biopharmaceuticals for correcting large bone defects are a potential area of translational science. A new bioproduct, purified from snake venom and fibrinogen from buffalo blood, aroused interest in the repair of venous ulcers. Expanding potential uses, it has also been used to form biocomplexes in combination with bone grafts, associated with physical therapies or used alone. The aim of this preclinical study was to evaluate low-level laser photobiomodulation (PBM) in critical defects in the calvaria of rats filled with nanohydroxyapatite (NH) associated with the heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB). Sixty animals were used, divided into six groups (<i>n</i> = 10 each): G1 (NH); G2 (HFB); G3 (NH + HFB); G4 (NH + PBM); G5 (HFB + PBM); G6 (NH + HFB + PBM). PBM simultaneously used red (R) and infrared (IR) light emission, applied intraoperatively and twice a week, until the end of the experiment at 42 days. Microtomography, bone formation can be seen initially at the margins of the defect, more evident in G5. Microscopically, bone formation demonstrated immature and disorganized trabeculation at 14 days, with remnants of grafting materials. At 42 days, the percentage of new bone formed was higher in all groups, especially in G5 (HFB, 45.4 ± 3.82), with collagen fibers at a higher degree of maturation and yellowish-green color in the birefringence analysis with Picrosirius-red. Therefore, it is concluded that the HFB + PBM combination showed greater effectiveness in the repair process and presents potential for future clinical studies.