Effects of Bushen Huoxue on integrin β3 and integrin β5 in the placental tissue of mice with repeated implantation failure caused by phospholipid antibodies

The kidney-tonifying and blood-activating formula effectively counteracted the downregulation of integrin β3 and integrin β5 in mouse placental tissue induced by phospholipid antibodies and alleviated placental tissue pathology through structural improvement and protection. Therefore, kidney-tonifying and blood-activating formulas may serve as potential therapeutic agents for recurrent implantation failure, offering new insights and approaches for clinical treatment.