The gut microbiota improves reproductive dysfunction in obese mice by suppressing the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis

<b>Aim:</b> To explore the complex relationship between gut microbiota, obesity-related male reproductive impairments, and the NLRP3 inflammasome.<b>Methods:</b> A high-fat diet was administered to induce obesity in a mouse model, fecal microbiota transplantation or a high-dietary fiber diet (HDFD) was administered for 5 weeks to evaluate changes in parameters related to reproductive capacity, NLRP3, gut microbiota composition and metabolites in mice.<b>Results:</b> A high-fat diet induces obesity and decreases reproductive capacity in male mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation and HDFD can improve reproductive capacity in obese mice by adjusting the gut microbiota population to suppress the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis, thereby reducing IL-1β levels.<b>Conclusion:</b> This study offers a potential treatment for obesity-induced reproductive dysfunction by targeting the gut microbiota and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.