Genome-Wide Identification of NAC Family Genes and Their Expression Analyses in Response to Osmotic Stress in Cannabis sativa L.

NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors are unique and essential for plant growth and development. Although the NAC gene family has been identified in a wide variety of plants, its chromosomal location and function in <i>Cannabis sativa</i> are still unknown. In this study, a total of 69 putative CsNACs were obtained, and chromosomal location analysis indicated that the CsNAC genes mapped unevenly to 10 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the 69 CsNACs could be divided into six subfamilies. Additionally, the CsNAC genes in group IV-a are specific to <i>Cannabis sativa</i> and contain a relatively large number of exons. Promoter analysis revealed that most CsNAC promoters contained cis-elements related to plant hormones, the light response, and abiotic stress. Furthermore, transcriptome expression profiling revealed that 24 CsNAC genes in two <i>Cannabis sativa</i> cultivars (YM1 and YM7) were significantly differentially expressed under osmotic stress, and these 12 genes presented differential expression patterns across different cultivars according to quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. Among these, the genes homologous to the <i>CsNAC18</i>, <i>CsNAC24</i>, and <i>CsNAC61</i> genes have been proven to be involved in the response to abiotic stress and might be candidate genes for further exploration to determine their functions. The present study provides a comprehensive insight into the sequence characteristics, structural properties, evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns of NAC family genes under osmotic stress in <i>Cannabis sativa</i> and provides a basis for further functional characterization of CsNAC genes under osmotic stress to improve agricultural traits in <i>Cannabis sativa</i>.