Evaluation of Key Performance Aspects of a Novel Precast Noise Barrier Wall System Based on Nonlinear Finite-Element Simulations

An extensive experimental program was performed to evaluate the structural behavior of a novel fully prefabricated noise barrier wall system. The experimental investigation entailed the fabrication and testing of two full-scale prototypes, which was the foundation for implementing a systematic parametric nonlinear finite-element analysis (NLFEA) study. The intent was to assess the impact of four critical parameters on the overall structural behavior of the noise barrier wall system for further optimization and improvement. These critical parameters include the integral column size, the presence of a gap, the type of steel section utilized, and the embedment length of the steel section. Therefore, the parent nonlinear finite-element analysis model was created, calibrated, and verified against the experimental results of the full-scale prototypes in terms of the load–deflection curves, load–strain curves, cracking patterns, and failure modes. Then, various nonlinear finite-element analysis models were created by expanding the parent model to allow for evaluating various possibilities from each parameter. For a preidentified performance acceptance criterion, the findings of the study revealed that the integral column size could be reduced from the size used in the prototypes, the embedment length of the steel section was already at an optimum length, the existence of a gap would result in the prevention of any sliding, and a circular hollow steel section (HSS) 14×15.875 mm (5/8 in.) or W8×48 would represent the most advantageous selection for the steel column section.