Innovations in additive manufacturing of shape memory alloys: Alloys, microstructures, treatments, applications

Exploring shape memory alloys (SMAs) is like diving into a world of material magic, especially when combined with additive manufacturing techniques. This detailed review delves into the fascinating realm of additive manufactured SMAs, examining their complex fabrication processes, captivating internal structures, wide-ranging applications, and unique properties. It is remarkable to observe how the combination of metals, particularly nickel and titanium, creates the very essence of SMA's capabilities and various other material combination for novel SMAs. Additional insights are provided regarding how additive manufacturing parameters and appropriate post-treatments can enable these materials to accomplish extraordinary functionalities. These SMAs also possess the ability to recollect and move, demonstrating superelasticity and the capacity to regain their original shape in various capacities. However, there are promising prospects for the development of novel SMA mixtures, enhanced post-treatments methods, and even more intelligent and responsive products with dimensional accuracy and uniformity. This work presents insights on opportunities in industries for resilient materials, ranging from everyday devices to the immense expanse of space and the human body. Even with the advancements, there is still work to be done in continuously improving their design and pocket comfort. This review not only presents information but also envisions a future in which additive manufactured SMAs are central to advancements in engineering and other fields.