ComboFunc: Joint Resource Combination and Container Placement for Serverless Function Scaling With Heterogeneous Container

Serverless computing provides developers with a maintenance-free approach to resource usage, but it also transfers resource management responsibility to the cloud platform. However, the fine granularity of serverless function resources can lead to performance bottlenecks and resource fragmentation on nodes when creating many function containers. This poses challenges in effectively scaling function resources and optimizing node resource allocation, hindering overall agility. To address these challenges, we have introduced ComboFunc, an innovative resource scaling system for serverless platforms. ComboFunc associates function with heterogeneous containers of varying specifications and optimizes their resource combination and placement. This approach not only selects appropriate nodes for container creation, but also leverages the new feature of Kubernetes In-place Pod Vertical Scaling to enhance resource scaling agility and efficiency. By allowing a single function to correspond to heterogeneous containers with varying resource specifications and providing the ability to modify the resource specifications of existing containers in place, ComboFunc effectively utilizes fragmented resources on nodes. This, in turn, enhances the overall resource utilization of the entire cluster and improves scaling agility. We also model the problem of combining and placing heterogeneous containers as an NP-hard problem and design a heuristic solution based on a greedy algorithm that solves it in polynomial time. We implemented a prototype of ComboFunc on the Kubernetes platform and conducted experiments using real traces on a local cluster. The results demonstrate that, compared to existing strategies, ComboFunc achieves up to 3.01 × faster function resource scaling and reduces resource costs by up to 42.6%.