A double-edged sword: diverse interactions in hypergraphs

Abstract Interaction diversity and interaction identity, as two classic interaction patterns in real-world systems, are frequently employed to probe into the cooperative dilemmas among participants with diverse interaction identities within groups. Considering the influence of factors such as hyperlink configurations on the evolution of cooperation within complex networks, this study particularly focuses on the organic integration of hypergraphs and diverse interaction modes. Employing the public goods game model in uniformly stochastic hypergraphs, we explore the effects of synergy factors and diverse interacting individuals on the cooperation rate and strategy consistency within hyperlinks. We emphasize that the diverse interacting individuals are a double-edged sword, and the controlled number of such individuals is conducive to the evolution of cooperation. The findings of this study reveal the significance of these two typical interaction patterns and provide valuable insights for coordinating them to achieve social optimality in cooperation.