Advancing nanomaterial synthesis: Harnessing green chemistry for sustainable innovation

• Green synthesis yields eco-friendly nanoparticles, reducing environmental impact. • Microorganisms and plants can be employed for green synthesis of nanoparticles. • Different NPs such as silver, iron and carbon can be synthesized by green methods. • Green synthesis promotes sustainable nanotechnology for a greener future. Nanotechnology has experienced substantial expansion due to its wide-ranging applications, and in view of this, different synthetic routes were developed and many of them employ toxic reagents, have high energy consumption and generate toxic waste. Nowadays, with growing concerns regarding environmental and health safety, green chemistry is gaining prominence and as a result, certain synthetic routes have been replaced to align with the principles of green chemistry. This review outlines current methods for synthesizing silver, iron, and carbon nanoparticles, alongside discussions on green synthesis routes and their mechanisms. Additionally, it evaluates future perspectives on green synthesis, addressing the challenges that need to be overcome.